从上世纪90年代开始，Barrios和Patterson领导的美国海军部研究小组就开始研究预测复杂环境下电波传播特性的PE模型。Barrios提出了同时在水平方向和垂直方向对大气折射率进行线性内插的方法Barrios编写了TPEM(Terrain Parabolic Equation Model)的程序代码-Since the 1990 s, Barrios and the leadership of the admiralty Patterson American research group began to study projecting a complicated environment radio waves propagation characteristics of PE model. Put forward at the same time in Barrios horizontal and vertical direction of atmospheric refractive index to the linear interpolation method Barrios wrote TPEM (Terrain Parabolic Equation Model) program code