功率谱估计是利用有限长的数据估计信号的功率谱，广泛应用于各个领域。功率谱估计主要分为经典谱估计与现代谱估计。常用的经典谱估计方法有周期图法，相关法，周期图的改进法，常用的现代谱估计方法有最大熵谱估计，AR模型，MA模型，ARMA模型。经典谱估计适用于长序列的信号，其主要缺陷是描述功率谱波动的数字特征方差性能差，频率分辨率低，现代谱估计适用于短序列的信号，旨在改善谱估计的分辨率，并将其应用于实际地震资料的谱分析。

-Power spectrum estimation is the use of a finite length data to estimate the power spectrum of the signal, widely used in various fields. Power spectrum estimation is divided into classic and modern spectral estimation spectral estimation. Commonly used methods of classical periodogram spectrum estimation method, the relevant law, the cycle graph Improvement Act, commonly used in modern spectral estimation methods have maximum entropy spectral estimation, AR model, MA model, ARMA model. Classical spectral estimation applied to signal a long sequence, its main drawback is the fluctuation power spectrum describing digital signature variance performance is poor, the frequency resolution is low, modern spectral estimation applied to signal short sequences designed to improve spectral estimation resolution, and The analysis applied to real seismic data spectrum.