蒙特卡罗（Monte Carlo）方法，又称随机抽样或统计试验方法，属于计算数学的一个分支，它是在本世纪四十年代中期为了适应当时原子能事业的发展而发展起来的。传统的经验方法由于不能逼近真实的物理过程，很难得到满意的结果，而蒙特卡罗方法由于能够真实地模拟实际物理过程，故解决问题与实际非常符合，可以得到很圆满的结果。-Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo) methods, also known as random sampling or statistical testing methods, belong to a branch of mathematical calculation, it is in the mid-forty years of this century in order to adapt to the development of atomic energy at the time and developed. The experience of traditional methods should not close as a result of real physical processes, it is difficult to get satisfactory results, while the Monte Carlo method because it can simulate the actual real physical process, so to solve the problem very much in line with the actual, can be a very successful outcome.